One of the most controversial women of history is brought to brilliant life in Donn Woolfolk Cross's tale of Pope Joan, a girl whose origins should have kept her in squalid domesticity. Instead, through her intelligence, indomitability and courage, she ascended to the throne of Rome as Pope John Anglicus.
The time is 814, the place is Ingelheim, a Frankland village. It is the harshest winter in living memory when Joan is born to an English father and a Saxon mother. Her father is a canon, filled with holy zeal and capable of unconscionable cruelty. His piety does not extend to his family members, especially the females. His wife, Gudrun, is a young beauty to whom he was attracted beyond his will--and he hates her for showing him his weakness. Gudrun teaches Joan about her gods, and is repeatedly punished for it by the canon. Joan grows to young womanhood with the combined knowledge of the warlike Saxon gods and the teachings of the Church as her heritage. Both realities inform her life forever.
When her brother John, not a scholarly type, is sent away to school, Joan, who was supposed to be the one sent to school, runs away and joins him in Dorstadt, at Villaris, the home of Gerold, who is central to Joan's story. She falls in love with Gerold and their lives interesect repeatedly even through her Papacy. She is looked upon by all who know that she is a woman as a "lusus naturae," a freak of nature. "She was... male in intellect, female in body, she fit in nowhere; it was as if she belonged to a third amorphous sex." Cross makes the case over and over again that the status of women in the Dark Ages was little better than cattle. They were judged inferior in every way, and necessary evils in the bargain.
After John is killed in a Viking attack, Joan sees her opportunity to escape the fate of all her gender. She cuts her hair, dons her dead brother's clothes and goes into the world as a young boy. Gerold is away from Villaris at the time of the attack and comes home to find his home in ruins, his family killed and Joan among the missing. After the attack, Joan goes to a Benedictine monastery, is accepted as a young man of great learning, and eventually makes her way to Rome.
The author is at pains to tell the reader in an Epilogue that she has written the story as fiction because it is impossible to document Joan's accesion to the Papacy. The Catholic Church has done everything possible to deny this embarrassment. Whether or not one believes in Joan as Pope, this is a compelling story, filled with all kinds of lore: the brutishness of the Dark Ages, Vatican intrigue, politics and favoritism and most of all, the place of women in the Church and in the world. --Valerie Ryan
Listen to Spanish speakers from different regions of Latin America as they engage in a variety of conversations, illustrating how the language is truly spoken by native speakers. Conversational Spanish is a practical immersion course designed to develop and increase one’s skills and knowledge of the Spanish language the way it is naturally used in conversation.
Ideal for those who have already covered the basics and are ready for a more advanced level, Conversational Spanish focuses on real world Spanish so you learn the language the way it is truly used in conversation. Each lesson is based on a real world dialogue between native speakers and progresses in difficulty. This process enables you to rapidly reach a higher level of language ability, confidence and comprehension.
Each lesson is complete with transcripts (in both Spanish and English), grammar notes and vocabulary. Each conversation is first played at a normal (native) speed and then repeated at a slower speed, giving you complete control of your listening and learning experience and allowing you to develop and increase your listening comprehension naturally.
International marketing consultant Russell Miller takes a close, pragmatic look at the movement to privatization that is sweeping the important markets of Western and Central Europe, Latin America, and Asia, and lays out the business opportunities and challenges that U.S. corporations and others worldwide will find there. He identifies the market dynamics created by newly privatized companies, the problems of reaching them, and the approach strategies that U.S. and other companies would find most productive, such as the creation of strategic alliances, enterprise restructurings, expanded technical relationships, and export market development. He also identifies the methods, objectives, and locations of leading privatization programs. The result is a rich, useful study of the vast new markets now opening up worldwide, and insights into how corporations here and abroad can access them and benefit from them. Essential reading for top-level executives in corporations with aspirations abroad, and for their marketing, strategic planning, and international business development staffs. During the past decade, thousands of former state-controlled companies in more than 100 different countries have entered the private sector. These firms range in size and commercial significance from small family-owned kiosks in Russia to some of the largest, most influential corporations in Western and Central Europe, Latin America, and Asia. Miller provides a comprehensive, business-oriented perspective on the origin and geographic expansion of the privatization movement, and describes the methods that governments use and the objectives they hope to achieve in the divestment of state assets. He identifies the formative influences on these new companies, as well as the operating needs created by the privatization process. Privatization-intensive markets are examined in relation to their importance, type of companies involved, and the challenges they present. Miller's book also discusses alternate methods of market expansion, such as reaching newly privatized firms through a strategic marketing program. His book will be essential reading for academicians and graduate students in international business and world trade, as well as their practitioner counterparts in corporations and multilateral development agencies.
